Friday, October 17, 2014

Chapters 3 and 4


Part A

Title: Chapter 3 Transforming Learning with Unique, Powerful Technology

Textbook:    read pages—45-72

Define and respond in writing in this section of the module to the following terms (in your own words) and give one example of each; then post your responses under the tab “Glossary of Terms” on your Google Web.  Place your URL in this section of your module.

Active learning- students are mentally and bodily involved in the process of learning, doing something personally to compare and contrast data and ideas rather than sitting passively seeing videos, reading about something and listening to responses

Example of Active learning: group projects

Behaviorism- maintains that learning is observable human behavior formed as reply to events in the environment.

Example of Behaviorism: Students memorize multiplication facts and being able to say the multiplication facts from memory.

Cognitivisim- Learning influenced by unobservable and inner constructs such as motivation, perception and memory

Example of Cognitivism: Students study for a test and the following day successfully complete test recalling information from memory what they studied without using the study guide.

Constructionism- Learners build knowledge and meaning from ideas and experiences.

Example of Constructionism: Students discussing a mathematical problem in a group.

Constructivism- Asserts that every individual in the world creates and clarify his or her own way

Example of Constructivism: students work independently.

Cooperative learning- Students working together playing different roles such as presenter, note taker, and writer doing on a group activity.

Example of Cooperative learning: Students organize information on a chart working together on it in a group.

Creativity- The expressions of one’s ideas

Example of Creativity: A student drawing a self-portrait of oneself.

Digital citizenship- A member and participate in a society or country that is protected by legal rights such as being a United States citizen.

Example of Digital citizenship: freedom of speech

Digital literacy- A combination of cognitive, social skills, and technical involving a multidimensional concept.

Example of Digital literacy: using Web 2.0 to create blogs and wiki pages

Feedback- A person reaction about a particular subject matter, product or task.

Example of Feedback: A teacher provide his or her input about a student project.

Group work- Students working together in pairs, threes and fours in a group.

Example of Group work: First, teacher gives students a question to answer. Secondly, students in a small group compare and discuss the answer. Thirdly, students provide their answer in a whole class discussion.

Information literacy-Students being able to identify information, understand the organization of information, locate best source of information based on need, critically evaluate sources and share information.

Example of Information literacy:  Students and teachers evaluating online information.

Information technology and creative practices-composers, writers, artists, engineers and limitless avenues for alternatives along with self-expression that supports the creative thinking processes.

Example of Information technology and creative practices- Students writing a story using a computer.

Information technology fluency-Students and teachers able to use essential elements such as intellectual capabilities, foundational concepts and technical skills of information technology fluency.

Example of Information technology fluency: creating a spreadsheet for a budget proposal

Inquiry learning- Students’ engagement in doing real projects and work actively investigating relevant questions in a subject area.

Example of Inquiry learning: Students observe an object and discuss its properties.

Internet literacy- the understanding of online information in electronic formats

Example of Internet literacy: using video chat to have conversation with friend

Learning groups-students working together in groups solving problems in ways that produce high quality responses and performances among peers.

Example of Learning groups: dividing students in groups of four working together to complete a task

Media literacy- students thinking critically leaning ways to be more aware about their experiences with entertainment and social media.

Example of Media literacy: Students define words using digital dictionaries

Metacognitive thinking-showing students how to examine their own methods in learning through self-evaluation and exploration.

Example of Metacognitive thinking: Students saying multiplication facts from memory aloud.

NETS for Students-educational technology learning standards

Example of NETS for Students: Students create podcasts to share ideas about a particular subject area.

One-on-One tutoring-Teachers working individually with students who need additional assistance with their school work.

Example of One-on-One tutoring: A few students stay after school with the teacher to receive additional practice in reading comprehension.

Transmission teaching- the flow of information from the teacher to students

Example of Transmission teaching: A teacher telling and modeling how to construct a flower parts.

21st Century Student Outcomes for Learning-standards for schooling to prepare students for information based and high technology learning.

Example of 21st Century Student Outcomes for Learning: Students successful completion of a web page.

Visual literacy- the ability to interpret and make meaning of an image presented in a type of online format.

Example of Visual literacy: Someone that read an image and know its meaning.

 

Reference

 

Edwards, S.A., Maloy, R.W., O’Loughlin, R.V., & Woolf, B.P. (2014) Transforming Learning

     with New Technologies. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

 

Part B

Complete a lesson plan using the information you learned regarding the apps and the web discussed in this chapter.

Title of Lesson: Mean, Mode, Median, and Range

Subject: Math

Grade Level: 6

Objective: Students will find the mean, mode, median, and range for a set of numbers. Students will be call on to share their responses with the class.

Standard Use: 6.25P.29c Giving quantitative measures of center (median and/or mean) and variability (interquartile range and/or mean absolute deviation), as well as describing any overall pattern with reference to the context in which the data were gathered.

-Calculate mean, media, range (6th Grade-S.1)


Materials: computer, paper, pencils, calculator, web (Poll Builder) http://chnm.gmi.eud/tools/polls

 

Activities:

Day 1- Students will be taught the definitions of mean, mode, range and median from sets of numbers.

Day 2- Using smart board students will be shown how to find the mean, mode, range and median from sets of numbers.

Day 3-Students will complete a worksheet on finding the mean, mode, range and median from sets of numbers.

Day 4- Students will Excel to create their own spreadsheet on finding the mean, mode, range and median from sets of numbers. Print out students Excel spreadsheet.

Day 5- Students will create a web page posing questions about Excel and take a poll on what others comments about Excel using Poll Builder.

Homework: Students will be given homework to provide extra practice on finding the mean, mode, range and median from sets of numbers.

Assessment: Students will take an online test finding the mean, mode, range and median from sets of numbers. Students will be given their scores from the online test the next day to see whether they master concepts mean, mode, range and median.

 

 Part C Textbook

Learning Outcome 3.1 Summarize important research in the science of learning.

      The building of new knowledge based on what is already known and believe is called
constructivism. Learners are better able to contextual and understand new information when they make connections with what they already know. In addition, metacognitive thinking and active learning what is a student centered approach. Students find meaning in their own learning of information. However, classroom learning and teaching are centered on four theories. The four theories include the following: behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and constructionism. Behaviorism means human behavior is shaped by events in the environment. The process of learning information involves memorization, demonstration and imitation. The computer or teacher is facilitator and source of knowledge for students. Cognitivism means influences in learning is unobservable and internal constructs such as attention, perception and motivation. The learning strategies involve with this theory include comprehension, active and transmission of learning. The teacher is the partner, coach, and lecturer. Constructivism means an individual constructs and interprets in his or her own way the world. This type of learning involves computer activities, responses and actions of students. Constructionism means that students build own their own and add own knowledge.  This learning involves a student creating their own computer educational game. To continue, teachers actively engage students using four teaching methods. The four teaching methods include the following: one-on-one tutoring, learning groups, inquiry learning and metacognitive thinking. One-on-one tutoring is when the teacher works independently with a students who is struggling with his or her school work after school. Learning groups is when students are working together in pair, threes or fours on an assignment or task. Inquiry learning is when teachers give students projects to do based on active and real investigations. Metacognitive thinking is when students know how to examine their own methods in learning through self-evaluation and exploration.

 
Learning Outcome 3.2 Discuss how technology promotes critical thinking and problem solving.

     Technology provides different ways for thinking critically and solving problems. For a long period of time, the essentials for reflective process include the following: reading newspapers, magazines and paper books. Today, people read information, images and words using digital screens. People writings are differently because of technological devices such as laptops and smartphones. In addition, students benefit greatly by using technology playing online educational games and interactive simulations. Students are able to do more on the computer than on paper. Students encounter the real world problem or other situations of personal interest to them when playing educational games and doing interactive simulations. In addition, an example of math game for elementary students is Spinners. This game teach students about chance, random choices and probability. Students are able to integrate technology with subject content. To continue, it is important for teachers to provide feedback for students’ school assignments, projects, papers and other educational activities. Teachers providing feedback allows students to see whether or not they are moving in right direction or wrong direction when it comes to learning information. Feedback encourage successes and mistakes in learning that is essential for problem solving and critical thinking. Some technological devices that provide rapid feedback include the following: online tutoring systems, educational websites and tablet computer apps. Some other technology teacher could use to provide feedback on assignments, projects and papers include the following: online discussion groups, text messaging and real time chats. In addition, Maria Montessori self-correcting feedback is still use today. Her educational materials that are use today include the following: map puzzles that are cut out, beads that can be threaded on strings by tens to create 100 flats and connected to create a cube of a thousand.

 

Learning Outcome 3.3 Analyze the meaning and importance of new digital literacies.

     Society has been revolutionized by technology about how people use and find information.  Online dictionaries, encyclopedias, apps, social media has made it possible to explore any electronic topic. In addition, new digital literacies have come about in the information age that students must develop to successfully access and assess information. The new digital literacies include the following: information literacy, Internet literacy, digital literacy, media literacy, and visual literacy. Information literacy entails students knowing how to locate information, understand how to organize information, locate the best sources for information and critically evaluate sources. Students who are not information literate tend to be overwhelmed or confused when it comes to evaluating and finding information. This limit the students’ ability to thinking critically and understanding information clearly. Internet literacy means students understand online information presented in electronic format. Students who are internet literate know what online information is research based. Digital literacy involves a combination of social skills, cognitive and technical multidimensional concept. Students need to know how to read and find the meaning of an image or photo. Media literacy is students thinking critically learning ways about own experiences with social media and entertainment. Students are able to replace media programming with ideas of their own. Also, teachers can teach students media and digital literacies using technologies such as information alerts, multimedia timeliness, and social bookmarking. In concluding, visual literacy is students knowing how to access the numerous types of visual presentations such as diagrams, pictures, charts and graphs. Students who visual literate know how to create their own diagrams, charts and graphs. Some other visual literacy technologies that promote learning such as streaming video, vodcasts, online experiments and simulations.

Learning Outcome 3.4 Discuss how technology facilitates communication and collaboration.

     Technologies have made a new way people communicate and collaborate in classrooms.  Some technologies that promote collaboration and communication in the school environment include the following: social media, website publishing, and digital story telling. Students are more motivate and engage in learning information when they use technologies to collaborate and communicate with others. Teachers are the ones to provide opportunities for students to have communicate and collaborate online. Teachers could have students to create blogs to share ideas and facts about a particular topic. Teachers could have students to create avatar defining vocabulary terms. However, teachers could create wiki pages to share educational information with other educators about effectively teaching students. To continue, active learning is part of students learning process. Actively learning is also known as learning by doing, hands-on learning and inquiry based learning. These terms proposes students are engaged actively in creating models, doing experiments and working with other students. Students effectively learn information teachers are using a more student centered approach in the classroom. Also, group work and cooperative learning are parts of collaboration. Group work is when students work together in pairs, threes and fours on a task. Cooperative learning is when student role play such as lecturer, artist and writer.  Teachers could do different at activities at the same time in the classroom whenever they have students work together and play different roles. An example of group work is when a teachers have her students work together on class project. A class project could be studying how objects attract or repel one another. An example of cooperative learning is students acting out a story. The teacher gives students characters to act out in the story. In concluding, it is important for teachers to have students collaborate with each other in the classroom. Students could learn information from each other. Students enjoy collaborating with their peers because they find out new information.

Learning Outcome 3.5 Identifying how technology enables multiple expressions of creative thinking.

     Information technologies provide students and teachers with ways that are powerful to express their creativity using generated electronically symbols, number and pictures. Many offers is made by technology ways that promote creativity. Design, drawing and paint programs offers composers, designers and artists limitless avenues for individualism and alternates that support creative thinking processes called information technology and creative practices. Teachers and students can use technologies in a few ways for creative self-expression. Some of the few ways are photo editing, graphics and desktop publishing. However, some students are not creativity. Other students display creativity by painting, drawing and sculpting.  These particular students write stories, play musical instruments and act in plays. In addition, some students express creatively ideas using the computer using it for writing data. Students and teachers express creativity using technology that enables them to share ideas through social media among known and unknown people. Blogs, instant messaging and emailing are other ways students and teachers share ideas and facts. In addition, teachers may add notes and visuals for online presentations for students to read. Students are able to provide feedback on teachers’ online classroom presentations. Teachers have face to face video conferences with parents when problems may rise in the classroom with their children rather than sending letters and memos home. However, students’ text message each other rather passing notes in class. Students and teachers have online discussions on topics using wiki or blog to post, read, respond to others comments. Some students are not good with communicating with others. These students have to be taught how to effective communicate with others online. Teachers have to be the facilitators in teaching students how to communicate effectively online. In concluding, teachers should show students how to create a blog sharing ideas for others to read.

Learning Outcome 3.6 Explain the meaning and importance of digital citizenship

     Digital citizenship means participation and membership in a country or society. In the United States, every citizen have rights legally and social responsibilities.  The rights and protections citizen have under the law include the following: free from unlawful arrest, freedom of worship and freedom of speech. Some social responsibilities that are mandatory such as drivers must be licensed and earners that make wages must pay taxes.  Some social responsibilities that are voluntary are voting in elections, participating in community and civic organizations. Although a digital citizen have responsibilities and rights, but his or her freedom do not include blocking and infringing on others rights. A digital citizen have guaranteed legal rights that involves copyright protection when posting photos and posting online information. However, a digital citizen responsibilities involves using technology ethical and safe.  To continue, three key parts of schooling that is organized by nine elements of digital citizenship are school environment, a student’s life outside school and student learning. Now digital citizenship is important part of the school curriculum. Teachers are to prepare students to become digital citizens that are knowledgeable in using technology creatively and appropriately. Teachers should teach students how to cite their reports and research paper appropriately when using online information so they would not be plagiarism. School classrooms integrate digital citizenship through learning experiences connecting students to the larger society. However, digital citizenship ethics and skills cannot be attained in a year. Furthermore, students must continue to learn and practice skills and ethics that make them better digital citizens.

 

Reference

Edwards, S.A., Maloy, R.W., O’Loughlin, R.V., & Woolf, B.P. (2014) Transforming Learning

     with New Technologies. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

 

 
Part A

Title: Chapter 4 Designing Lesson and Developing Curriculum with Technology

Textbook:    read pages—74-96

Define and respond in writing in this section of the module to the following terms (in your own words) and give one example of each; then post your responses under the tab “Glossary of Terms” on your Google Web.  Place your URL in this section of your module.

Academic content-Teacher tend to share understandings, skills, ideas, facts and concepts with students.

Example of Academic content: Teachers teach students discipline specific grammar.

Criterion-referenced tests-The comparing specific objectives or standards to students performance

Example of Criterion-referenced tests- a driver’s license exam

Electronic grading software-is a computer program that allow teachers to rapidly record and calculate students’ grades on a computer.

Example of Electronic grading software: Easy Grade Pro

Enduring understandings-Students remember for long time relevant information or big ideas after a lesson has been taught.

Example of enduring understandings: Reading

Essential questions-Teachers ask students major questions about a particular topic.

Example of Essential questions: How I can become a better reader?

High-stakes tests- Graduation exams and other local, state, and national exams that determines students to be promoted to the next grade, graduate from high school or entering a college

Example of High-stakes tests- Standardized Achievement Tests (SAT)

Learning assessments-Teacher evaluate student performance, understanding, knowledge after teaching lessons.

Example of Learning assessments: open ended questioning

Lesson design and development-teachers teach, create, and evaluate lessons with students.

Example of Lesson design and development: create a lesson plan with the following titles objectives, materials, activities, following up activities and assessments

Lesson planning-An outline of what skills, concepts, ideas and facts that will be taught in the classroom.

Example of Lesson planning: sample of lesson plan format objective: students will be able to multiply two digit numbers, materials: paper, pencil and activities: complete a worksheet on multiplying two digit numbers

Norm-referenced tests-The performance of students comparing with others from the same grade or age

Example of Norm-reference tests: Stanford Achievement Test

Performance assessments- tests requiring students to perform a task


Example of Performance assessments: portfolios

Standardized testing- Test that measures ones learning.

Example of Standardized testing: Educational Testing Service

Standards-based assessments- Tests that measures what students are expected to know and what they should be able to do at their grade level

Example of Standards-based assessments: high school graduation exam

Student learning objectives- the start of lesson development that includes instructional method, assessment and planning:

Example of Student learning objectives: A question such as how it will be measured or evaluated?

Student performance rubrics- Assessments that evaluate course assignments and activities of students work.

Example of Student performance rubrics: presentation rubric

Teaching goals, methods, and procedures- formats that provide what to teach in the classroom

Example of Teaching goals, methods, and procedures: questioning of students verifying what they has learned such as why is the season summer hottest in some places?

Test assessments- Tests that measures what students know and able to do in academic subject.

Example of Test assessments: multiply choice test on multiplication and division

Understanding by Design-a curriculum development approach

Example of Understanding by Design: unit plan on academic topic

 

Reference

 

Edwards, S.A., Maloy, R.W., O’Loughlin, R.V., & Woolf, B.P. (2014) Transforming Learning

     with New Technologies. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

 

Part B

Complete a lesson plan using the information you learned regarding the apps and the web discussed in this chapter.

Title of Lesson: Shopping Thanksgiving Dinner Expense

Subject: Math

Grade Level: 3

Topic of Main Idea: How to use Excel

Objective: Students will create a chart calculating the total expense for purchasing food for thanksgiving using Excel. Students will show the highest cost of food on a small bar graph they would be on the chart.

Standard Use: CCSS.Math.Content.3.MD.B.3 Draw a scaled picture graph and a scaled bar graph to represent a data set with several categories


Materials: food magazine, computer, printer, app (Quick Voice Recorder)

Activities:

Day 1: Have students cut of food they would purchase from the store for thanksgiving dinner.  Have students to use to the Internet to find the prices of their food.

Day 2: Teach students how to enter data in rows and columns on Excel. Have students to enter their food and cost on their Excel document.

Day 3: Teach students how to use the Auto sum on Excel to calculate their total expense for food for thanksgiving.

Day 4: Show students how to create a bar graph on Excel displaying their food cost for lowest to highest. Show students how to put clip art on their Excel document.

Day 5: Print out students Excel documents.

Note: Use my mobile phone to record the class to review and if needed improve on my teaching performance.

Homework: Have students write a paragraph about their experience in learning how to use Excel.

Assessments: Students will be graded on the quality of work using a Rubric.

 

 Part C Textbook

Learning Outcome 4.1 Describe the uses of technology in digital-age lesson design and development.

    

     The lesson design and development is activities teachers do in the classroom that entails evaluating, teaching and creating lessons.  Teachers make major decisions based on elements of classroom instruction when it comes to teaching students. Some of their major decisions based on elements of classroom instruction include the following: academic content, learning assessments and teaching goals, methods and procedures. Academic content is intend information teacher share with students such as skills, ideas, concepts, understanding and facts. However, teachers are mandated to teach the skills, ideas, concepts, understanding and facts from school system curriculum guide. Some teachers use technology tools in the classroom such as blogs, wikis, and electronic databases so students can gain new ways to retrieve and research information. Learning assessments happens after, during and before teaching lesson teachers evaluate students ’performance, understanding and knowledge. Some learning assessments tools teachers use to evaluate students’ performance, understanding and knowledge include the following: short answer tests, quizzes, class participation, observations, multiple choice tests and portfolios. The teaching goals, methods and procedures have three different meanings on what the teachers teach in the classroom. Goals are the reasons that teachers teach a lesson. Methods are instructional strategies to use in teaching students academic content including the following: discussions, case studies, online tutors, creative writing, lectures, simulations, inquiry based activities, small groups, learning games and reflective journals. Procedures are the time teachers allocate for doing activities and during lessons group students. Teachers normally have a class schedule that the principals provide them to follow each day for a year. The class schedule provide information on how much time is spent for each subject areas such as math, reading, language, spelling, science and social studies. In concluding, lesson development is support by technology. Some technology that support lesson development are interactive, presentation and visual thinking software.

 
Learning Outcome 4.2 Compare and contrasts the student learning objectives and Understanding by Design approaches to lesson planning.

     Students learning structures for small group, whole group and one on one instruction are determine by teachers’ goals, methods and procedures. Lesson planning flow one or two approaches that are different student learning objectives or understanding by design. Students learning objectives introduce the framework of lesson development by assessment instructional and planning methods. Some learning objectives including the following: when, tell who, and is going to do what. Student learning objectives is no more than what students learned after teachers teach lessons. In addition, understanding by design is a curriculum development approach. Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe provided three components of understanding by design. The three components include the following: identify desired results, determine acceptable evidence, plan learning experience and instruction. Identify desired results the teacher points out lessons essential questions and enduring understandings to give a students a framework for exploring a topic. Students organize topics using essential questions that are examine in a lesson. After a teachers teach relevant information or big ideas, students will have this in the memory for a long time meaning they will have enduring understandings. Teachers pick learning objectives, pinpoint teaching methods and create a plan on how to conduct a lesson.  Also, teachers can provides students with engaging learning experiences by using free educational websites such as Annenberg Learner and PBS Teachers.  A valuable resource for teachers to obtain lesson plans for understanding by design and learning objectives is Track Star. There are some many more educational websites teachers can use in the classroom such as wordle, star falls and cool math. Students enjoy working on the computer. Therefore, teachers should integrate technology in teaching lessons and have students to play educational games on the computer. In concluding, teachers have to be abreast when other new educational websites become available online so they can have their students work on them.

 

Lesson Outcome 4.3 Demonstrate how teachers connect educational standards to lesson planning.

     Many teachers plan lessons considering what to teach listing important skills, key information and essential ideas they expect students to learn. Teachers have to make major decisions about what topics to explore and what topics not to use in teaching students. Teachers must select topics that are appropriate for each grade level. Also, teachers use learning standards and
curriculum frameworks that guide what they teach in the classroom. There are local, state and national standards for every academic discipline taught in elementary and secondary. In addition, teachers should follow their school curriculum guide in teaching students the major information. Teachers have teach the major skills, concepts and ideas so that students could be successful in taking high stake test. However, in today’s society standardized testing is the focal point in seeing whether or not students are grasping the important skills, concepts and facts. In other words, teachers teaching are driven toward teaching students information for the standardized tests. Students’ creativity is limit more now due to testing. Teachers barely teach students about art, music and drama.  In concluding, some teachers believe that students are embedded with so much testing that they are not truly prepared for the real world.

 

 Lesson Outcome 4.4 Differentiate test and performance approaches to student assessment.

     Teacher simultaneously assess students learning as they plan and deliver lessons. Teachers usually discuss two concepts including the following: (1) after teachers complete lessons, teachers guide and evaluate students’ performance and (2) teachers monitor students’ performance throughout teaching lessons. However, there are three factors influence strongly how teachers think about assessment. The three factors include the following: personal experiences, standardized testing and teacher tests. Teachers usually teach how they were taught and assess in school. Teachers that took quizzes and multiple choice tests numerous amount of time in elementary and secondary use these same testing formats in their classrooms. Also, teachers assess students learning from standardized testing. The graders students take standardized tests are kindergarten through high school. Students that are in high school takes a high school exit exam that determines whether or not they graduate. However, teachers have to take the praxis II tests in order to obtain a teaching license so they can be certificated in teaching students. To continue, some teachers believe tests assessments determine what students to do and know. Other teachers believe performance assessments determines how well students perform a task. However, there are three test assessments. The three test assessments are the following: norm referenced, criterion referenced and standard based. Norm referenced tests compare performance of students with others in the same grade. Criterion referenced tests compare performance of students to specific standards or objectives. Standard based assessment is a curriculum frameworks that starts with state, district or national guidelines that points out what students should be able to do and expected to know when it comes to them learning. In addition, teachers use electronic grading software that allow them to calculate and record students ‘grade on the computer. In concluding, some new approaches to assessment are performance and rubric. Performance assessment teachers measure what students do when given a task. Teachers use rubrics to evaluate students’ activities and assignments.

Reference

Edwards, S.A., Maloy, R.W., O’Loughlin, R.V., & Woolf, B.P. (2014) Transforming Learning

     with New Technologies. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

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